In a residential water well system, the type of pump used—either a jet pump or a submersible pump—plays a crucial role in how water is delivered to the home. Each type has its unique features and benefits, and the choice between them depends on specific factors such as the depth of the well and the water needs of the household.
Jet Pump
Description: A jet pump is typically mounted above ground, often in a well house or basement, and operates by drawing water up from the well using suction. This type of pump is effective up to a certain depth, typically around 25 feet or less for a single-stage jet pump, and can go up to about 110 feet for double-stage models.
Pros:
- Easier to access and maintain since it’s located above ground.
- Less expensive than submersible pumps.
Cons:
- Less efficient than submersible pumps, especially at greater depths.
- Can be noisy since it’s located within the living or utility spaces.
Ideal Use: Jet pumps are better suited for shallow wells or in situations where the water table is relatively stable and not too far below the ground surface.
Submersible Pump
Description: A submersible pump, as the name suggests, is designed to be placed directly in the well below the water level. It pushes water to the surface rather than pulling it up, which makes it more effective and efficient at greater depths.
Pros:
- More efficient for deep wells because it pushes water rather than pulling it, reducing the energy needed.
- Quieter operation since the pump is located underwater.
- Typically has a longer lifespan because the underwater environment is less variable and harsh than above-ground conditions.
Cons:
- More expensive up front and can be more costly to repair because it requires pulling the pump from the well.
Ideal Use: Submersible pumps are preferred for deeper wells (over 25 feet deep), especially in regions where ground water levels are significantly below the surface.
Choosing Between Jet and Submersible Pumps
The choice between a jet pump and a submersible pump often comes down to the depth of the well and the specific water requirements of the household. If the well is shallow and budget considerations are paramount, a jet pump might be the better choice. For deeper wells or for more reliable, efficient water delivery, a submersible pump is often recommended.
Identifying Which Type of Pump You Have
- Location: Check where the pump is located. If it’s inside your home, in a well house, or any above-ground structure, it’s likely a jet pump. If you don’t see a pump above ground, you probably have a submersible pump.
- Pump Features: Jet pumps often have a visible pressure tank connected directly to them and require a foot valve in the well. Submersible pumps, being located deep within the well, will not be visible and will typically have their pressure tank located separately within the utility area.
- Sound: Operating sounds can also be a clue. Jet pumps make more noise due to their above-ground operation, whereas submersible pumps are nearly silent from the surface.
- Documentation: Check any house purchase documents or maintenance records, as these may specify the type of well pump installed.
By understanding the differences between jet and submersible pumps, homeowners can make informed decisions about their water well system based on efficiency, cost, and suitability for their well depth and water needs.